Tuesday 8 October 2013

The Role of Algorithms

The Role of Alogorithms

            An Algorithm (pronounced AL-go-rith-um) is a procedure for solving a problem in a systematic way. The word derives from the name if the mathematician, Mohammed ibn-Musa al-khwarizmi (lived from about 780-850).
            An algorithm is any piece of automated code that accepts some number of variables and data to make decisions out of them. It’s a repeatable approach which can be good or bad at its intended job, but it’s a path to get to where user want to go.
Algorithms are used in every day to day life activities knowingly or unknowingly. There are huge applications of algorithms in the real world such as– Every time you access an ATM, book a ticket or buy online, fill fuel into your vehicle, etc., Some of the other examples are noted below:

ASTRONOMY:
           In the field Astronomy the algorithms are used to calculate ephemeredies, calenders, and positions (as in celestial navigation or satillite navigation).
Examples:
·          Algorithms used to calculate the position of the Moon.
·         The calculation of the Julian day.

PHOTOGRAPHY:

 The image processing algorithms in the area of photography include colour balancing by skin tones, skin softening which are used mainly in portrait photography and various other applications.

COLOR BALANCING:


       Color balance is set from the white or off-white area of the image. Color balancing is critical in portrait photography, as a person looks unnatural with the wrong skin tone. Color balancing has less effect on images that do not depict people. The idea here is to use a person’s skin for setting the color balance. This may achieve a near perfect skin tone as the rest of the image that does not include the person’s skin is not that important.

SKIN SOFTENING:



               Looking at various magazine covers, one may raise the question if the photographed people really have the same real life look in terms of their skin smoothness. The odd conclusion is that they do not.
         The skin softening algorithm is another time saving tool for a portrait photographer. The usage of powerful applications like Adobe Photoshop, in many cases, makes this notable difference in the look of the skin. The skin softening algorithm attempt to soften the skin, make it smooth, baby-like, free of blemishes, pores and pimples.


         Automatic background creation is one the most interesting ideas. This  uses a color finding algorithm to automatically calculate the set of dominating colors, which can be used for border, frame, background for a given image.  Analyzing colors that are present in a given image should provide valuable input for deciding what color or set of colors the frame surrounding the image should retain. If two or more images are used inside the presentation, then the dominating colors will have to be calculated for every image.
        The idea is the result of numerous portraits printed on post cards, where each card design takes into account the image or set of images the card depicts.

ROBOT:



              A mobile Robot is a machine able to extract information from its environment and use knowledge about its world to move safely from point to point. Robot navigation and obstacle avoidance are some of the most important problems in mobile robots, especially in unknown environments. Techniques such as Fuzzy logic, Neural Networks and Genetic Algorithms,have been applied to mobile robots in order to improve their performance. The objective of this work is to provide a GeneticFuzzy algorithm for robot navigation which will provide an improved set of rules governing the actions and behavior of a simple navigating and obstacle avoiding mobile robot.

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